The invention discloses a brake and axle connecting structure which comprises an axle housing and braking base plates. A flange plate is arranged on the axle housing, a pair of braking base plates is symmetrically installed at the installing position of the flange plate, and central shaft holes are formed in the braking base plates and are matched with an outer contour corresponding to the position of the axle housing. A plurality of evenly-distributed end face tooth structures are distributed on the flange plate, and end face tooth structures are also arranged at the positions, corresponding to the end face tooth structures on the flange plate, on the braking base plates. The brake and axle connecting structure achieves connection between the braking base plates and a rear axle by increasing end face teeth, accordingly original simple 7 fixing bolts for force transfer are changed into 7 fixing bolts and 7 end face teeth which are connected and are responsible for force transfer, the bearing capacity of the fixing bolts of the braking base plates is reduced, accordingly the braking base plate and flange connecting strength is higher, the connecting reliability is better, and the hidden danger brought by breakage of brake installing bolts is completely eradicated.