The invention relates to a while-drilling gamma imaging data processing method. The method includes the following steps of: putting gamma data acquired by gamma detectors into a temporary buffer; measuring and calculating current azimuth information of each gamma detector; filling the azimuth information in an eighth or a sixteenth sector of corresponding temporary buffer data; measuring and processing vibration information of each gamma detector, and determining the current state of each gamma detector; performing sliding drilling or compound drilling; storing data in the sectors into a FLASH memory buffer when the gamma cumulative time reaches a preset value, and performing data processing; and storing data in the buffers into a FLASH when the FLASH memory buffer has no space. According to the method, through a plurality of detectors during while-drilling azimuth gamma logging, the measurement data have azimuth characters, accurate stratum azimuth natural gamma imaging can be formed, and reservoir parameter evaluations can be provided.