The invention provides a data mining based sewage treatment system. The data mining based sewage treatment system sequentially comprises a water inlet pipe, an adjusting tank, an anaerobic tank, an aeration tank, a membrane bioreaction tank, a membrane module, a sludge tank and a water storage tank. Sludge in the water inlet pipe is injected into the adjusting tank, a first submersible sewage pump is arranged at the bottom of the adjusting tank, the membrane module is arranged in the membrane bioreaction tank, a second submersible sewage pump is arranged at the bottom of the membrane bioreaction tank, the membrane module is connected with a suction pump, and the suction pump delivers the sludge filtered by the membrane module to the water storage tank. The data mining based sewage treatment system is characterized in that the upper portion of the anaerobic tank is divided by a partition plate, a filtering area is arranged on one side of the partition plate, and the other side of the partition plate is communicated with the aeration tank through a connecting port; an upper aeration pipe is arranged in the middle of the aeration tank, a lower aeration pipe is arranged at the bottom of the aeration tank, and the lower aeration pipe and the upper aeration pipe are connected with an air blower; the upper portion of the aeration tank is communicated with the membrane bioreaction tank through a filtering wall; a third submersible sewage pump is arranged at the bottom of the membrane bioreaction tank, and aeration plates are arranged on two sides of the membrane module.