The invention belongs to the field of metal preservative anode material detection, and provides a detection and evaluation method for the residual quantity of a zinc anode outside an oil-water well sleeve. The method comprises the following main contents of underground zinc anode detection, original data processing and life time calculation: firstly, the operation parameters of a logging instrument are set, and the measurement of the zinc anode outside an underground sleeve is performed; next, the measurement value is subjected to data processing, the anode abnormal value is eliminated, and a secondary measurement value is obtained; finally, the anticorrosion residual service life of the zinc anode outside the sleeve is calculated by using the relational expression of the secondary measurement value of the zinc anode and the residual service life, and the quantitative judgment on the consumption speed of the zinc anode outside the underground zinc anode is realized. The detection and evaluation method has the advantages that the accuracy degree is high; the anticorrosion effect of the zinc anode can be evaluated on line; basis is provided for anti-corrosion design optimization and sleeve safety evaluation; the early warning management value of shaft safe production is realized.