The invention relates to the field of railway, and discloses a fastener buckling pressure test device and method. The device comprises a clamp for clamping a fastener; a force application apparatus for applying pressure to the clamp so as to enable the clamp to lift the fastener; a pressure measurement apparatus for measuring a pressure value applied by the force application apparatus in the process when the fattener is lifted; a deformation measurement apparatus for measuring a deformation amount of an insulation gauge block, wherein the fastener is buckled to the insulation gauge block; and a control apparatus for acquiring the deformation amount and the pressure value and determining that the corresponding pressure value when the deformation amount stops changing is buckling pressure of the fastener.