The invention provides a cloud storage based information distribution method and apparatus. The method comprises the steps of dividing a file into t pieces of secret information; dividing the t pieces of the secret information into p-1 pieces of sub-secret information; generating (k-1) random information strings only containing 0 and 1 by the p-1 pieces of the sub-secret information; according to p-1 random information string vectors, generating a random information string matrix R; generating a binary operation matrix H and cutting the binary operation matrix into matrixes H1, H2 and H3; and according to R, secret information vectors as well as H1, H2 and H3, calculating tXn information shares. The invention provides a cloud storage based information restoration method and apparatus. The secret information is restored when g ciphertexts are known. The invention provides a cloud storage based information integrity verification method and apparatus. Small amounts of the ciphertexts are obtained to verify the information integrity. The information distribution, restoration and integrity verification methods and apparatuses have the advantages of small computing load, high efficiency and high security, thereby reducing costs.