The invention relates to a device for rapidly detecting and extracting inferior cocoons. The device comprises a rack as well as a power driving device, a paper cocooning frame conveying system and an inferior cocoon detecting and extracting device which are fixedly arranged on the rack, wherein the paper cocooning frame conveying system comprises a conveying shaft, a bearing provided with a seat, a synchronous belt pulley, a synchronous belt, a baffle I, a baffle II, electromagnets and a microcomputer time switch; the baffle I and the baffle II are used for fixing multiple layers of paper cocooning frames which are stacked from top to bottom; the paper cocooning frames are stacked at multiple layers; three layers of electromagnets are fixedly arranged at each of the front end and the rear end, arranged above the synchronous belt, of each of the baffle I and the baffle II; and the inferior cocoon detecting and extracting device comprises a tube and a dry and wet dual-use dust collector. The device has the advantages that inferior cocoon detection operation can be continuously, rapidly and efficiently carried out on the paper cocooning frames with different specifications and dimensions, and the paper cocooning frames and cocoons can be effectively avoided from being damaged.