The invention relates to a layered medium transient electromagnetic sounding qualitative analytical method, the method comprises the following steps: a transient electromagnetic method is adopted to obtain a secondary field attenuation curve of single actual measurement point of a layered medium fracture surface; a background secondary field curve is determined; a secondary field attenuation curve value of the single actual measurement point correspondingly proportionate to a background secondary field curve value to obtain a result, and an opposite number of the result is a secondary field contrary ratio curve; and a change of a layered geoelectric structure or a geoelectric structure relative to a reference point is qualitatively judged according to a time-varying rule of the secondary field contrary ratio curve. According to the invention, the method can perform qualitative analysis of vertical electrical structure on single transient electromagnetic sounding point, and can compare change of vertical electrical structure of a part below the point relative to the background reference point in real time, so as to find an abnormal point on site in real time and respond.