The invention provides a parallel and rapid Fourier conversion processing method.The method includes the steps of dividing a data sequence X(n) with the point number of N=rS into vr secondary data blocks, and obtaining the FFT result of the N/vr datum in each secondary data block through the base r FFT calculation, wherein v is equal to rZ, r and S are any integers, and Z is equal to 0,1,...or S-2.Therefore, the data point number N has more values, the scheme with the least zero padding can be selected from the values, and therefore occupation of storage space and calculation time is reduced; multi-butterfly-shape parallel calculation is adopted, the number v of parallel butterfly-shaped calculation units is equal to rZ, and therefore the parallel degree can be selected according to configuration of hardware resources, and higher flexibility is achieved.