The invention discloses a preparation method of a uniformly-doped one-dimensional diluted magnetic semiconductor material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing zinc powder and metal oxide in a mole ratio of 9:1-19:1, and putting the zinc powder and metal oxide on the bottom of a quartz tube; respectively setting the heating rates of the zinc powder and metal oxide, sealing the tube furnace, charging protective gas, heating the quartz tube, and starting introducing reactant gas when the temperature reaches 520 DEG C; under the protection of the protective gas, heating the quartz tube to 600-800 DEG C at the rate of 10 DEG C/minute, and introducing oxygen at the flow rate of 20-40 Sccm until the reaction finishes; and finally, cooling in a vacuum atmosphere, cooling to room temperature, taking out the sample, and directly carrying out characterization. The method implements uniform doping of manganese, cobalt and other elements in ZnO nanowires, and besides, the doped parent does not generate any impure phase. The method disclosed by the invention is suitable for doping multiple metal oxides, including zinc oxide, manganese oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel cobaltate, nickel manganate and the like.