The invention relates to the technical field of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor, and provides a POPOV hyperstability based rotational speed position detection system and method of the permanent-magnet synchronous motor, which are used for solving the problem of inadequate accuracy of the current rotational speed position detection method of the permanent-magnet synchronous motor. The system comprises a motor reference model, a motor adjustable model, a subtraction model and a self-adaptive module, wherein the self-adaptive module comprises an identification value calculation module and a convergence judgment and position calculation module. The technical scheme proposed by the invention is relatively high in identification accuracy, and thus, accurate control on the motor can be achieved.