The invention relates to substation ultrasonic mouse expelling equipment and a mouse expelling method based on single chip microcomputer control, and belongs to the technical field of substation security maintenance. The substation ultrasonic mouse expelling equipment comprises a box body, wherein an opening is formed in the front of the box body; the box body is internally provided with an automatic control system, an ultrasonic module and a power supply device; a physical mouse expelling device with a physical mouse expelling function is mounted above the box body. The substation ultrasonic mouse expelling equipment is smart in structural design, clean and environment-friendly, good in mouse expelling effect and free of influence on operators.