The invention belongs to the chemical detection analysis field and in particular relates to a technology for rapidly determining lead and chromium in dairy products by use of a microwave digestion-graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preprocessing a sample; (2) preparing lead and chromium standard curve series solutions; (3) drawing lead and chromium standard curves; and (4) measuring the sample. Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that the sample preprocessing time is short and is only 2.4h, the operation is simple, the harm to laboratory technicians can be reduced to the maximum extent due to use of microwave digestion, the environment is friendly, the whole microwave digestion process of the sample is performed in a closed environment, a small amount of target detection substances are volatized, the contamination of external substances is avoided, the detection result has high accuracy and good repeatability, lead and chromium in the dairy product can be measured simultaneously, and the method is suitable for the batch processing and measurement of samples, is suitable for determining the contents of lead and chromium in various samples such as raw milk, sterilized milk, modified milk, milk powder, fermented milk and the like, and has wide application range.