The invention discloses an efficient extraction method of environment-friendly biosurfactant sophorolipid. The efficient extraction method comprises the following steps of (1) adjusting the pH value of fermented sophorolipid fermentation broth to be 6.0-6.5; (2) performing microfiltration on the pH value-adjusted sophorolipid fermentation broth through a ceramic membrane so as to remove thallus and a part of macromolecules, and filtering to obtain bacteria-removed fermentation broth; (3) removing impure proteins in the bacteria-removed fermentation broth obtained in step (2) with ethanol solution, and filtering to remove protein precipitation, thus obtaining impure protein-removed sophorolipid solution; (4) concentrating the impure protein-removed sophorolipid solution obtained in step (3) by compression to a set concentration to obtain a liquid sophorolipid product; (5) drying the sophorolipid liquid product obtained in step (4) to obtain a solid sophorolipid product. The efficient extraction method of the environment-friendly biosurfactant sophorolipid is simple and safe in production process, easy to operate and control, and very suitable for industrialized mass production.