The invention discloses a high-temperature-resistant methanation catalyst. The high-temperature-resistant methanation catalyst comprises an active component, a carrier and/or an assistant. Nickel serves as the active component, the carrier is mesoporous nickel aluminate spinel, and the assistant is one or more of oxides of alkaline earth metals magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant methanation catalyst. Soluble nickel salt and soluble salt of the assistant are dissolved in water to form impregnation liquid; the mesoporous nickel aluminate spinel carrier is added to the impregnation liquid for impregnation, then drying and calcination are conducted, and then the high-temperature-resistant methanation catalyst is obtained. The high-temperature-resistant methanation catalyst is used at high temperature, the anti-sintering capacity of active center nickel is high, and activity is stable. The production method is simple, and industrial enlarged production is promoted.