The invention provides a transmission device of a hybrid vehicle, and relates to the hybrid vehicle. The transmission device comprises a second shaft component, a first shaft component and a fourth shaft component with a plurality of gear parts. The second shaft component or/and a drive motor independently drives or drive the second shaft component in a hybrid manner to rotate through an engine of the vehicle, and the first shaft component is used for transmitting power of the engine; the fourth shaft component can transmit power of the drive motor and can transmit power of the first shaft component to the second shaft component, and therefore the size of the transmission device is reduced; and the fourth shaft component can transmit power of the drive motor and also can transmit power of the first shaft component to the second shaft component in multiple different transmission ratio manners, and therefore the size of the transmission device is reduced.