The invention provides a method for extracting germanium in low-grade germanium concentrates through a fluoride roasting process, and relates to a technology for extracting germanium through chloridizing distillation by conducting fluoride roasting pretreatment on the germanium concentrates which are low in grade and difficult to treat. The method comprises the steps of fluoride roasting, hydrochloric acid distillation and germanium extracting through sodium hydroxide. The technology is simple, short in process, safe, environmentally friendly and free of corrosion to equipment, the extracting recovery rate of germanium can reach 95.6% or above, acid slag obtained in the germanium extracting process is subjected to secondary germanium extracting, the recovery rate of secondary germanium extracting reaches 91.5% or above, and the germanium grade of acid slag obtained in the secondary germanium extracting process is lowered to below 0.01%.