The invention relates to a novel cable-roller cable winding and unwinding system and method, and belongs to the field of technical equipment relevant to electric power engineering. The system mainly and structurally comprises a main support, a slide rail is arranged at the top of the main support, and a slide pair is formed by the slide rail and a slider; the slider is fixedly connected with a clamping mechanism which clamps the upper end of a guiding rod, and the lower end of the guiding rod is connected with a guiding wheel; the part, located under the slide rail, of the main support is further fixedly connected with a cable roller, and a rocker arm is arranged on one side of the cable roller. A cable is wound on the cable roller after being guided by the guiding wheel. Through the designed brand-new structure, relevant work of cable winding and unwinding can be completed by operating the system by one person.