The invention discloses a melon and fruit pulp-removing seed-taking machine and belongs to the field of agricultural processing tools. The melon and fruit pulp-removing seed-taking machine comprises a pulp-removing mechanism and a seed-taking mechanism. A conveying belt conveys a seed melon between two melon forking knife rests, melon forking knives on the two melon forking knife rests fork the seed melon simultaneously, a melon cutting knife arranged between the melon forking knife rests cuts the seed melon into two halves, the melon forking knife rests drive the half seed melons to rotate over the melon forking knife rests, a pulp-removing knife rest drives a pulp-removing knife to descend, and the pulp-removing knife is inserted into melon pulp and cuts up the melon pulp through rotation and separates the melon pulp and melon rind; the melon forking knives continue to rotate above a receiving device, the melon rind and the melon pulp fall into the receiving device, the melon pulp enters the seed-taking mechanism from a pipe through a filter screen, a lower grinding disc rotates at a high speed, and an upper grinding disc performs reciprocating motion up and down; the melon pulp is squeezed; the upper grinding disc and the lower grinding disc simultaneously perform friction on the melon pulp, so that the melon pulp is ground; seed and pulp mixture is discharged out of a discharging gap under the high-speed rotation effect of the lower grinding disc, and melon seeds can be separated after the filtration.