The invention relates to a 6-trichloromethyl phenanthridine compound and a preparation method thereof and application of synthesizing a phenanthridine derivative with the biological activity by the compound serving as an intermediate, and belongs to the field of synthesis of compounds. The 6-trichloromethyl phenanthridine compound is characterized in that the compound has the structure as shown in the general formula I which is shown in the description, wherein R<1> is selected from H or a halogen or C1-C5 alkyl groups or a cyano group or trifluoromethyl or C1-C4 ester groups or C1-C4 alkoxy groups or C1-C4 acyl groups, and R<2> is selected from H or C1-C5 alkyl groups or C1-C4 ester groups or a halogen or a cyano group or trifluoromethyl or C1-C4 alkoxy groups or C1-C4 acyl groups. The 6-trichloromethyl phenanthridine derivative can be conveniently synthesized into the phenanthridine derivative substituted with various functional groups such as methyl and carboxyl through a trichloromethyl group which is prone to derivatization, and rapid synthesis of the phenanthridine derivative with various structures is promoted.