The invention relates to a method for removing cold steel in an intermediate groove and a bottom groove of an RH vacuum chamber; the method includes the following steps: 1) before the RH vacuum chamber up-line processing of molten steel, oxygen gun low-gun-position and high-flow coal gas is adopted for baking the lower part of the vacuum chamber; 2) in the RH vacuum chamber online later period, when an insert tube life is 95-100 times, boiling molten steel is drawn in for rinsing the vacuum chamber, after rinsing is finished, a slag scraping device is started for slag scraping, and residues on the outer wall of the insert tube is cleaned cleanly; and 3) during RH vacuum chamber off-line, oxygen gun coal gas is adopted for baking to concentratedly melt residual steel slag in the vacuum chamber, and the steel slag is collected in a slag box. Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects: 1) removal effects of the cold steel in the intermediate groove and the bottom groove of the vacuum chamber are obvious, a part of residual steel can be recycled, and the yield of the molten steel is improved; 2) during separation of the vacuum chamber, the intermediate groove and the bottom groove cannot be damaged, and the use amount of the refractory material is saved; and 3) the method is simple, is easy to operate, and greatly reduces the labor intensity of maintenance personnel.