Provided is an electromagnetic propulsion system and method. The electromagnetic propulsion system consists of a signal source, an input control module, a filtering module, a microwave amplification module, an electromagnetic propulsion module and a feedback power control module. The signal source provides a trigger signal and sends the signal to the input control module. The input control module receives the trigger signal sent from the signal source and a feedback signal sent from the feedback power control module and sends the signals to the filtering module. The filtering module filters the trigger signal and the feedback signal and sends the signals to the microwave amplification module. The microwave amplification module amplifies the signals and sends the signals to the electromagnetic propulsion module. The electromagnetic propulsion module converts input power into a thrust. The power of the feedback signal is matched with the input power of the microwave amplification module. Based on the electromagnetic propulsion system and the method, a failure mode caused by frequency drift of an electromagnetic thruster can be solved, the propulsion efficiency and working stability of the electromagnetic propulsion system are greatly improved, and a design method is provided for ground testing and on-track application of the electromagnetic propulsion system.