The present invention provides a pedestrian monitoring method in an urban street area based on ground calibration. The method comprises the steps of (1) dividing a target area, wherein the ground area of pedestrian movement is divided from the monitoring scene in the urban street area as a target area to carry out ground calibration, and (2) monitoring the target area, wherein a camera for shooting the target area is connected to a background server, the server is provided with a positioning device, a recording device, an analysis device and a control device, the positioning device is used for positioning the target area, the recording device is used for recording the pedestrian movement comprising shapes, colors, movement states and attitude information in the target area, and the analysis device is used for analyzing the characteristics of pedestrians, and the characteristics comprise shapes, colors, movement states and attitude information.