The invention provides a device for preventing relative torsion of a steel rail and a fastener during elastic strip assembly. The fastener comprises an elastic strip, an elastic strip base and an iron base plate; the steel rail comprises a rail top plate, a rail bottom plate and a rail waist plate which is used for vertically connecting the rail top plate and the rail bottom plate; the rail bottom plate is arranged on the iron base plate; the iron base plate is fixedly arranged on a sleeper through an anchor bolt; and an anchor bolt mounting hole is formed in the iron base plate. The device is provided with at least one fixed end or at least one fastened end, the fixed end is fixed relative to the iron base plate, and the fastened end is at least provided with one end face which is parallel to the laying direction of the steel rail and used for closely contacting the steel rail; the strike of the steel rail is vertical to the lengthwise direction of the iron base plate, so that the iron base plate is fixed relative to the steel rail, relative position change of the steel rail and the iron base plate can be prevented due to torsion of the iron base plate when the elastic strip is assembled. According to the device, the integral stability of the fastener can be improved, convenience and accuracy of manual operation can be facilitated during field construction, and the assembly efficiency can be improved.