The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting a parallel current sharing characteristic of photovoltaic-energy storage combined power generation inversion systems. The device comprises a current sharing controller, a data acquisition device I, a data acquisition device II, a load, a load regulator and an operation processor, and is characterized in that the current sharing controller is used for controlling parallel current sharing of the photovoltaic-energy storage combined power generation inversion systems; the data acquisition device I is used for measuring and collecting grid-connected current in steady-state operation of the photovoltaic-energy storage combined power generation inversion systems and branch parallel current sharing transient response time; the data acquisition device II is used for measuring and collecting load current and current at a grid connection part; and the load regulator is used for regulating the load resistance. The method disclosed by the invention detects the parallel current sharing characteristic of a distributed photovoltaic-energy storage combined power generation system from the two aspects of parallel current sharing constant and the parallel current sharing transient response time. The device and the method are used for detecting a condition of non-uniform borne current distribution of each branch of the distributed photovoltaic-energy storage combined power generation system, thereby avoiding device overload and damages caused by non-uniform current distribution.