The invention discloses a method for identifying a protective action fault recording graph. The method comprises: a protective action fault recording graph that is generated when a short-circuit fault occurs at a transformer of a transformer substation; tripping fault data of a relay protection unit are obtained and a vector diagram is drawn based on the tripping fault data; the data of the protective action fault recording graph are compared with the vector diagram data; when the data of the protective action fault recording graph are consistent with the vector diagram data, the transformer fault is identified based on the protective action fault recording graph. According to the method, when a single-phase ground short-circuit fault, an inter-phase short-circuit fault, or an inter-phase ground short-circuit fault occurs at any side ( a high-voltage side of a low-voltage side) of the two sides of the main transformer, the vector diagram and the fault recording graph are combined to analyze the fault, so that the analysis result is accurate. The method has high universality and the great popularization effect.