The invention relates to an artificial neural network calculating core. The artificial neural network calculating core comprises a router module, at least one neuron calculation module and at least one core controller; and the neuron calculation modules correspond to the core controllers one by one. The router module receives and parses external input data, and sends parsed address information and axonal value information to one corresponding neuron calculation module; the router module sends a neuron calculation result output by the corresponding neuron calculation module to a target address, and sends a local-frame data processing completion flag to one core controller corresponding to the corresponding neuron calculation module. Each neuron calculation module is used in a neuron calculation and to send the neuron calculation result to the router module. Each core controller enters a next neuron period after receiving the local-frame data processing completion flag. Networking of the multiple artificial neural network calculating cores can be achieved by utilizing the artificial neural network calculating core provided in the invention.