The invention relates to a device for controlling a distance between a working electrode and a sampling window component, in particular, a control device and control method for adjusting a distance between an electrode and an in-situ electrochemical mass spectrometry injection port. The objective of the invention is to solve the problem of large error of a method for adjusting a distance between a working electrode and a sampling window component. According to the device, the lower top end of a coarse adjustment mechanism is fixedly connected with a fine adjustment mechanism; the lower top end of the fine adjustment mechanism is fixedly connected with the working electrode; and by means of the double-control adjustment mode of the coarse adjustment mechanism and the fine adjustment mechanism which are connected in series, the upward and downward movement of the working electrode can be adjusted and controlled. The method includes following steps that: step one, the distance is adjusted through the coarse adjustment mechanism, the distance between the working electrode and the mass spectrometry injection port is controlled within 10 micrometers of the precision of a micrometric screw; and second step, a piezoelectric ceramic tube is driven, the distance between the working electrode and the mass spectrometry injection port is controlled at the micron level. Through the double-control adjustment mode, control distance error can be controlled within the error range of the fine adjustment mechanism.