[Problem] To provide an encoder capable of improving detection accuracy, and an encoder-equipped motor. [Solution] This encoder comprises: patterns SA1, SA2 along a measurement direction C; a light source 131 that emits light to the patterns SA1, SA2; and light reception arrays PA1, PA2 each arranged along the measurement direction C and receiving light emitted from the light source 131 and reflected by the respective patterns SA1, SA2. A plurality of light reception elements P1 to P9 provided in each light reception array PA1, PA2 include first light reception elements P2 to P8 each having a pointy end part Ps having a tapered shape.