The invention discloses a damping device for drilling of concrete and a using method. The device comprises a flexible plate, a bearing structure, a honeycomb-shaped damping structure layer and a support, wherein the flexible plate is arranged on a drill bit piercing face of a concrete component to be drilled; the bearing structure is arranged below the flexible plate and used for supporting the flexible plate, and the top of the bearing structure is in an arc shape so that reactive force of the concrete component can be transferred; the honeycomb-shaped damping structure layer is arranged between the flexible plate and the bearing structure; and the support is fixed to the position below the bearing structure through supporting connection rods. The damping device has the beneficial effects that the damping device can provide vertical supporting during drilling and absorb energy generated by impact vibration, so that a lower concrete protection layer is prevented from falling off in a large area under the impact vibration; the damping device provided by the invention is hardly restrained by spaces and can also be applied to unsmooth concrete bottom faces, the design is reasonable, the structure is simple, and field construction operation is facilitated; and through the design of the spherical support, the adjustment of the supporting angle of the whole damping device is facilitated, and supporting is more stable.