The invention relates to a rapid treatment system of lead-zinc-sulfur multi-metal ore dressing complicated wastewater, belonging to the technical field of ore dressing wastewater treatment and recycling. In the system, the wastewater first enters an adjusting tank for hardness removal and sedimentation of suspended solids; the treated wastewater enters an acid-base adjusting tank to adjust the pH value; metal ions and organic matters in the water are removed through coagulation sedimentation in a coagulation tank and a primary sedimentation tank; the organic matters in the treated wastewater are removed through acidification and activated carbon adsorption in an acidifying tank and an adsorption tank; the treated wastewater is subjected to secondary sedimentation and ozone oxidation treatment in a coagulation-aid tank, a secondary sedimentation tank and an ozone oxidation tank; and finally, the wastewater enters a clear water tank, the effluent quality is monitored by the clear water tank, and the effluent is conveyed to a high water tank through a pump and recycled to the ore dressing operation through a self-flow way. In the invention, the ore dressing wastewater can be completely recycled, zero discharge of sewage is realized, and the problem of environmental pollution is avoided. The system provided by the invention can realize the treatment and recycling of ore dressing wastewater with high content of suspended solids, high hardness and high concentration of organic matters and has a wide application range.