The invention provides a subdivisional tensioning system for a pressure dispersing type anchor cable. The subdivisional tensioning system comprises a single-hole jack, a support cylinder and a connector, wherein an externally connected hot-rolled ribbed steel penetrates through the center of the single-hole jack; the support cylinder provides a reacting force platform for the single-hole jack; the connector is arranged in the support cylinder, the connector comprises a first connecting end, steel stranded wires of the pressure dispersing type anchor cable penetrate through the first connecting end and are detachably fixed to the first connecting end, the double-hole connecter further comprises a second connecting end opposite to the first connecting end, and the second connecting end is used for connecting the externally connected hot-rolled ribbed steel; and the connector can move in the support cylinder in the tensioning direction of the steel stranded wires. The steel stranded wires of the pressure dispersing type anchor cable are fixed to the first connecting end of the connector one by one in a subdivisional manner according to the length of the steel stranded wires, and the subdivisional tensioning of the pressure dispersing type anchor cable is realized. By adopting the subdivisional tensioning system, the construction process of the pressure dispersing type anchor cable can be simplified, and the weight of a tensioning tool is greatly reduced.