The invention relates to a dredging operation simulation device, which comprises a dredging pool, guide rails and a machine frame, wherein the guide rails are arranged at the two sides of the top of the dredging pool; the machine frame transversely spans above the guide rails positioned at the two sides and can move along the guide rails; a vertical main shaft, a rotating mechanism and an ascending and descending mechanism are arranged on the machine frame; the rotating mechanism can drive the main shaft to rotate; the rotating speed of the rotating mechanism is adjustable; the ascending and descending mechanism can drive the main shaft to ascend and descend; the bottom of the main shaft is connected with a dredging reamer through an angle regulating mechanism; the angle regulating mechanism can drive the dredging reamer to swing around the main shaft, and the swinging speed is adjustable during swinging. The device can be used for simulating the stepping, rotation and ascending and descending during the operation of a dredging boat; the simulation can be realized on different operation modes in practical construction; the dredging operation simulation device is suitable for the dredging of various different soil properties.