The invention provides a method for producing DP600 steel based on an ESP thin slab casting and rolling process. The method includes the steps that raw materials are selected and comprise, by mass percentage, 0.045-0.10% of C, 0.20-0.6% of Si, 1.2-2.0% of Mn,0.1-1.0% of Cr, 0.05% or less of Nb, 0.05% or less of S, 0.015% or less of P and the balance iron; the raw materials are sequentially subjected to converter smelting and LF smelting; molten steel formed through LF smelting passes through an ESP production line to generate hot rolling strip steel with different thicknesses; in the ESP production line, the temperature of a finish rolling outlet is not lower than 820 DEG C; and through two times of cooling of the hot rolling strip steel, the needed proportions of ferrite and martensite in the hot rolling strip steel are determined in sequence. By means of the method for producing the DP600 steel based on the ESP thin slab casting and rolling process, the problems that a traditional hot rolling method is high in cost, large in energy consumption and the like are solved, and the purposes of saving energy, protecting the environment and lowering the cost are achieved.