The invention provides a highway pavement structure and a construction method thereof and relates to the technical field of highways. The construction method of the highway pavement structure comprises the following steps that S1, a cushion course is paved; S2, a base course is paved, specifically, aggregates are spread on the cushion course in a layered mode according to the predetermined width and thickness through a stone spreader and are leveled through a land leveler, then, cement is uniformly spread on the aggregates according to the determined dosage through a powder spreader to form the base course, the cement content range of the base course is 4.5%-5.5%, and the water content range of the base course is 5.0%-6.5%; and S3, a surface course is paved. According to the construction method, a stabilized soil mixing station and a high-voltage input circuit do not need to be built; in addition, procedure connection is compact, the degree of mechanization is high, in-situ control is facilitated, and secondary reversed transport of the aggregates is avoided; and especially, the construction method has remarkable construction benefits in agricultural and pastoral areas.