The invention provides an electromagnetic transient real-time simulating communication method and device based on an Aurora protocol. Physical layer communication and functional layer communication are comprised. The physical layer communication method comprises the steps that a high-speed Aurora communication protocol format of FPGA electromagnetic transient real-time simulation is determined, and an exclusive port is dynamically bound. Functional layer communication comprises the steps that a continuous addressing data block is developed, and BlOCK RAM of FPGA is directly accessed. The method and device are suitable for the application scene of FPGA electromagnetic transient simulation. The length of a data frame is optimized. The communication efficiency is greatly improved. The transmission bandwidth and the data transmission stability are increased.