The invention discloses a test determination method for a friction coefficient of a contact surface of a bearing cap and a bearing pedestal. First a test device comprising connection bolts, the bearing cap and the bearing pedestal is mounted; the connection bolts are loaded for a test; loaded bolt pump pressure and related data of the opening amount of two sides of the bearing cap corresponding to the bolt pump pressure are measured and recorded; corresponding relationships between the bolt pump pressure and the expanding volume in a test result are obtained; analogue simulation calculation under different friction coefficient preset values is carried out on the loading processes of the connection bolts by employing a finite element method, and the corresponding relationships between the bolt pump pressure and the corresponding the opening amount of two sides of the bearing pedestal under the friction coefficient preset values in a simulation result are obtained; a scatter diagram for the relationships of the opening amount of two sides of the bearing cap and the bolt pump pressure is made according to the test result and the simulation result; and the simulation result and the test result are compared, and the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the bearing cap and the bearing pedestal is determined according to the closest data. According to the method, the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the bearing cap and the bearing pedestal that better satisfying a practical structure can be obtained; a more precise boundary condition is provided for strength check of the complete machine, and the research and development cycle is shortened.