The invention relates to the field of boiler thermodynamics and discloses a method for calculating the smoke component of an oxygen-rich boiler. The method comprises the steps of detecting the operation condition of the oxygen-rich boiler; calculating the smoke component of each point of the oxygen-rich boiler under the condition that the operation condition meets the requirement of boundary parameters, wherein the smoke component of an outlet of an air pre-heater of the oxygen-rich boiler is calculated according to the air leakage rate of the air pre-heater of the oxygen-rich boiler. According to the method, in oxygen-rich boiler smoke loop iteration calculation, various air leakage conditions in oxygen-rich boiler field engineering are fully considered, especially the influence of air leakage of the air pre-heater on the whole iteration calculation process simulates the actual condition of oxygen-rich boiler field engineering as much as possible, and the smoke component of the oxygen-rich boiler under actual working conditions is calculated at high precision.