A servo motor direct-driving reciprocating type high-pressure air compressor comprises a servo motor, a lead screw, cylinders, a heat dissipating tube, a fan and the like, wherein the servo motor is fixed on a motor side supporting flange; an output shaft of the motor is connected with the lead screw; one end of the lead screw is fixed on the motor side supporting flange while the other end of the lead screw is fixed on a fan side supporting flange; one end of each guide column is fixed on the motor side supporting flange while the other side of each guide column is connected with the fan side supporting flange; the four cylinders are fixed on the motor side supporting flange; the middles of piston rods are fixed on a piston rod fixing flange; a lead screw nut is fixed on the piston rod fixing flange; the piston rod fixing flange is connected to the guide columns through sliding blocks; the other ends of the piston rods are connected with pistons of the four cylinders fixed on the fan side supporting flange; and the fan is fixed on the fan side supporting flange via a fan fixing screw. Multi-stage compression is implemented, interstage arrangement heat dissipation is realized, the speed and the travel of the pistons are adjusted in real time by the servo motor and the lead screw, and a radial force applied to the pistons is reduced.