The invention discloses a device for simulating and predicting water resource pollution in extreme rainfall weather. The device comprises a water sucking pipe, a water pump, a water pressing pipe, at least one spraying head, a soil layer box, a collecting box, a water collecting trough for draining water in the soil layer box into the collecting box and a control box for starting or stopping the water pump in time and adjusting the lift and the flow of the water pump. The water sucking end of the water pump is connected with the water sucking pipe, the water outlet end of the water pump is connected with the spraying head through the water pressing pipe, the control box is connected with the water pump, the spraying head is arranged over the soil layer box, the collecting box is arranged on one side of the soil layer box, and the water collecting trough is arranged between the collecting box and the soil layer box; draining holes are formed in the lower end of the collecting box, and a plurality of water outlet faucets with different heights are arranged on the collecting box. The invention further discloses an implementing method of the device for simulating and predicting water resource pollution in extreme rainfall weather. The device is good in prediction effect, simple in structure and low in manufacturing cost, and the operating method is simple, practicable and easy to practice.