The invention discloses a railway wagon micron control compression type brake shoes stack adjuster test stand. The test stand comprises an equipment frame, a pneumatic mechanism and a test mechanism, wherein the pneumatic mechanism comprises a brake cylinder, an air control three-way valve, an air storage cylinder, a filtering pressure-reducing valve and a main air source and provides power for test, the test mechanism comprises a work stand, a positioning system and a measurement system, the positioning system comprises a leading screw shield, an elevator, an elevator seat, a leading screw, a servo motor, a coupling, a linear guide rail 1, a linear guide rail seat 1, a positioning block, a guyed displacement sensor 1, a guyed displacement sensor measurement end and a servo motor, the measurement system comprises a linear guide rail seat 2, a moving block, a locking nut 1, a connection member 1, a pin 1, a locking nut 2, a pin 2, a linear guide rail 2, a linear guide rail seat 3, a traction seat, a brake cylinder piston, a seat board, a swinging block, a limit nut and a pressure sensor. Through the test stand, performance test on a compression type brake shoes stack adjuster can be carried out in a production process of the compression type brake shoes stack adjuster.