The invention discloses a dual-camera-based lane line identification method and system. The method comprises the following steps of S1, obtaining road images, in vehicle running, acquired by two cameras, establishing a coordinate system, calibrating reference points of the cameras in the coordinate system, and calculating parameters of the cameras according to the reference points; S2, preprocessing the road images according to the parameters of the cameras, segmenting the images by adopting an image segmentation method based on similarity between image normalized histogram cumulative functions, and performing edge extraction to obtain a lane line edge feature point; S3, eliminating a non-lane area according to the lane line edge feature point, and identifying a lane line; and S4, continuing to perform lane line identification on subsequent images according to edge and color feature information of a lane line identified in a previous frame of image. According to the method and the system, the lane identification speed can be effectively increased, the lane identification precision can be effectively improved, traffic accidents can be effectively reduced, and the safety of drivers and pedestrians can be guaranteed.