The invention provides a bolt type bogie welding tool and a welding method. The bolt type bogie welding tool comprises a rotary support and a clamping tool, the clamping tool comprises a hollowed-out bearing rack, a supporting beam and a locating beam, the hollowed-out bearing rack is rotationally arranged on the rotary support, the supporting beam is fixed to the hollowed-out bearing rack, and mounting plates are oppositely arranged at the ends of the supporting beam. Shaft holes are formed in the mounting plates, a mounting groove is formed between the two mounting plates, limiting plates are oppositely arranged in the middle of the locating beam, the locating beam is mounted in the mounting groove, and the ends of the supporting beam are clamped between the two limiting plates. A bolt is inserted into the shaft holes and located on the outer side of the locating beam. Threaded holes are formed in the two ends of the locating beam respectively, locating studs are in threaded connection with the interiors of the threaded holes, and pressing plates are arranged at the ends, towards the hollowed-out bearing rack, of the locating studs. The welding quality and efficiency of a bogie are improved through the bolt type bogie welding tool.