The invention discloses capsicum yield increasing fertilizer. The capsicum yield increasing fertilizer comprises, by weight, 5-10% of cob powder, 10-15% of dry cow dung, 20-23% of dry chicken manure, 8-11% of dry duck manure, 10-15% of urea, 3-7% of organic composite fertilizer, 14-22% of calcium superphosphate, 5-8% of phosphate fertilizer, 3-5% of potassium fertilizer, 1-2% of cyrtomium rhizome and 1-2% of a pesticide. A preparation method of the capsicum yield increasing fertilizer comprises taking first 10 kinds of the above raw materials according to the above ratio, putting the raw materials into a stirrer, carrying out stirring for 60min, taking out the mixture, putting the mixture into a crusher, carrying out crushing to obtain particles of 100 meshes, taking out the particles, adding the pesticide into the particles, carrying out uniform stirring, putting the mixture into the stirrer, carrying out stirring for 40min, and molding the mixture to obtain a cylindrical capsicum yield increasing fertilizer column with weight of 100g, height of 6cm and width of 5cm through a molding machine, wherein the capsicum yield increasing fertilizer column ought to be compact, sturdy and unbreakable.