The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical testing and provides a simple device for testing the Young's modulus of a material. The simple device for testing the Young's modulus of the material comprises an adjustable pedestal (9), a positioning vertical rod (18), a supporting vertical rod (6), an initial position balancing vertical rod (3), a bearing I-shaped beam cross rod (16), a test sample upper clamping head (13), a test sample lower clamping head (14), a transverse long I-shaped beam lever (1), a weight tray (4), a dial indicator (5) and a dial indicator positioning rod (7), wherein the distance between the right end of the transverse long I-shaped beam lever (1) and the positioning vertical rod (18) is L1, the distance between the left end of the transverse long I-shaped beam lever (1) and the positioning vertical rod (18) is L2, and L1 is larger than L2; the bottom of the weight tray (4) is in contact with the shrinking contact of the dial indicator (5); and when the weights are added and the test sample is pulled, the weight tray (4) moves downwards to push the shrinking contact of the dial indicator (5) to move, the stretching length of the test sample is obtained by the pointer reading number of the dial indicator (5) and according to a lever principle and the tensile force of the test sample is deduced by the lever principle according to the weight of the weights.