The invention discloses a mobile positioning system based on a Beidou navigation satellite. The mobile positioning system comprises a Beidou mobile positioning tracking system and a control panel, the Beidou mobile positioning tracking system comprises a positioning module and a mobile tracking module, an output terminal of the positioning module is connected with a satellite information analysis module, the satellite information analysis module is connected with an input terminal of a high-speed A/D converting module through a radio frequency front-end controller, an output terminal of the high-speed A/D converting module is connected with a Beidou baseband chip, an output terminal of the Beidou baseband chip is connected with an ARM processor, an output terminal of the ARM processor is connected with an FPGA controller through a JTAG debugging interface, an output terminal of the FPGA controller is connected with an Ethernet controller, a digital signal processor and an embedded processor are arranged in the control panel, and the embedded processor employs a multi-level design method so that the frame structure of the whole system is simpler, and the practicality is high.