The invention discloses a whole train management device and a whole train management method for a mine locomotive transportation monitoring system, and belongs to a locomotive transportation monitoring system and a locomotive transportation monitoring method. Communication modules are connected to a vehicle mounted machine and a tail alarming device of the device and base stations, the vehicle mounted machine, the tail alarming device and the base stations communicate with one another, and the vehicle mounted machine and the tail alarming device are in communication connection with a ground control computer through the base stations. The train management method comprises the following steps: in a monitoring network, the communication modules in the monitoring network are coded to communicate in the monitoring network, the vehicle mounted machine communicates with the tail alarming device in real time, and uploads information of the vehicle mounted machine to the ground control computer through the monitoring network, and the system performs whole locomotive train management in real time. The device and the method have the advantages that train wagons transported by a locomotive are managed, and the workload of each locomotive and each driver is accurately calculated to provide an accurate basis of transportation management; a locomotive tailgating alarming function is realized, and an alarm can be given according to a preset tailgating alarming distance.