The invention discloses a printed image positioning core extraction method and an extraction device. The method comprises the following steps: a quasi positioning core is selected; image pretreatment is carried out; pixel normalized template matching is carried out in a predetermined range; a two-dimensional distribution map is scanned; fitting data of the quasi positioning core are screened and ranked to pick up the best position; the best position is verified, and in the case of uniqueness, the quasi positioning core serves as the best positioning core; and according to foreground and background region distribution of the printed image, the best positioning core serves as the best positioning core for the foreground region or the best positioning core for the background region. The extraction method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention can stably, effectively and accurately select the best positioning core, the operation is simple, and the use experience of the user is improved.