The invention discloses an inertia moment-based optimal quantile power distribution network controllable resource allocation method. The method includes the following steps that: the uncertainty of uncontrollable resources is described; the multi-state model of the uncertainty of the uncontrollable resources is established; a typical scene set is extracted through the multi-state model; and the extracted scene set is applied to the active-reactive power resource optimization configuration body problem of a power distribution network. According to the method of the invention, uncontrollable resource uncertainty modeling is carried out based on the optimal quantile of inertia moment, and chance constraint is introduced, and therefore, the uncertainty of the modeling of the uncontrollable resources can be reduced, calculation precision can be improved, and more reasonable and reliable plans or operation schemes can be provided for planning and design.