The invention discloses a clamping device of a crawling robot. The clamping device of the crawling robot is characterized in that the clamping device comprises a support and electromagnetic clamping mechanisms arranged on the support; and each electromagnetic clamping mechanism is composed of a motor, an electromagnetic locking device, an electromagnet and a connecting rod, the motor is arranged at the lower end of the support, a motor spindle penetrates through the support and is connected with the electromagnetic locking device and the connecting rod in sequence, the electromagnet is fixedly arranged on the support and aligned with one end of the connecting rod, and the electromagnetic locking device, the motor and the electromagnet are connected with a control center. According to the clamping device, the portion, in contact with an object, of the tail end of each connecting rod is provided with a rubber block, so that friction force between the clamping device and the object is improved, meanwhile, the situation that the motors are damaged due to large torque at the moment of clamping is avoided, a buffer effect can be achieved, and the service life of the motors is prolonged.